Primary musculoskeletal changes due to menopause

Effect	Symptom
Inflammation	Arthralgia, joint pain, joint discomfort, frozen shoulder
Sarcopenia	Poor balance, falls, decreased muscle mass, loss of stamina, walking slowly
Muscle stem cell decrease	Decreased muscle mass, inability to gain muscle
Osteoporosis	Loss of height, back pain, stooped posture, low-impact fracture
Arthritis	Arthralgia, joint pain, joint stiffness

Source:  Vonda J. Wright, Jonathan D. Schwartzman, Rafael Itinoche & Jocelyn Wittstein (2024) The musculoskeletal syndrome of menopause, Climacteric, 27:5, 466-472